Hemoglobin A1c Outperforms Fasting Glucose for Risk Prediction

Measurements of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) more accurately identify persons at risk for clinical outcomes than the commonly used measurement of fasting glucose, according to a study by researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. HbA1c levels accurately predict future diabetes, and they better predict stroke, heart disease and all-cause mortality as well. The study appeared in the issue of New England Journal of Medicine.

As a diagnostic, "HbA1c has significant advantages over fasting glucose," said Elizabeth Selvin, PhD, MPH, the study's lead author. The A1c test has low variability from day to day, levels are not as affected by stress and illness, it has greater stability and the patient is not required to fast before the test is performed. This study is published on the heels of a major change in the way doctors diagnose diabetes.

In January, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) published revised recommendations for the screening and diagnosis of diabetes. The revised recommendations include, for the first time, recommendations to use HbA1c to diagnose diabetes and also to identify people at risk of developing diabetes in the future, also known as "pre-diabetes." The new findings can help doctors and patients interpret HbA1c test results. In the study, people with HbA1c levels between 5.0 to 5.5 percent were identified as being within "normal" range. The majority of the U.S. adult population is within this range. With each incremental HbA1c increase, the study found, the incidence of diabetes increased as well; those at a level of 6.5 percent or greater are considered diabetic, and those between 6.0 and 6.5 percent are considered at a "very high risk" (9 times greater than those at the "normal" range) for developing diabetes.

The revised ADA guidelines classify people with HbA1c levels in the range of 5.7 to 6.4 percent as "at very high risk" for developing diabetes over 5 years. The range of 5.5 to 6 percent, according to the ADA guidelines, is the appropriate level to initiate preventive measures.

Bonnie - for clients with potential blood sugar imbalances, I very often recommend that they get an HgbA1C through their physician to further explore potential risk.