- Dairy calcium supplementation in overweight subjects with habitually low calcium intakes failed to alter fat metabolism and energy expenditure under resting conditions and during acute stimulation by caffeine or epinephrine. Can we put to rest the "calcium for losing weight" theory?
- Bacteroides and Staphylococcus were significantly higher in the overweight state than in normal-weight pregnant women. Microbial counts increased from the first to third trimester of pregnancy. Gut microbiota composition and weight are linked, and mother's weight gain is affected by microbiota. Microbiota modification before and during pregnancy may offer new directions for preventive and therapeutic applications in reducing the risk of overweight and obesity. Translation: Probiotics Supplementation
- Higher intakes of Partially Hydrogenated Vegetable Oils (trans fats) are associated with elevated concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers, whereas higher intakes of non-HVOs are associated with lower plasma concentrations of these biomarkers.
- Of 36,908 multivariate participants reporting 4 cups of coffee/day had a 30% reduction in risk of diabetes compared with participants who reported nondaily consumption. Participants reporting 1 cup of black tea/day had a suggestive 14% reduction in risk of diabetes compared with participants who reported 0 cups/day, and we observed no association with green tea. Conclusion: Regular consumption of coffee and potentially black tea, but not green tea, is associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes in Asian men and women in Singapore.
- A high-glycemic-index diet is a risk factor for early Macular Degenration - the recognized precursor of sight-threatening late AMD. Low-glycemic-index foods may protect against early AMD.
- Little is known about the effects of dietary fiber intake on long-term mortality. The Zutphen Study is a cohort of 1373 men born between 1900 and 1920 and examined repeatedly between 1960 and 2000. Every additional 10 g of dietary fiber intake per day reduced coronary heart disease mortality by 17% and all-cause mortality by 9%. The strength of the association between long-term dietary fiber intake and all-cause mortality decreased from age 50 y until age 80 y. No clear associations for different types of dietary fiber were observed. Conclusions: A higher recent dietary fiber intake was associated with a lower risk of both coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality. For long-term intake, the strength of the association between dietary fiber and all-cause mortality decreased with increasing age.
- Because the accumulation of uracil in DNA induces chromosome breaks, mutagenic lesions, we suggest that, as for MTHFR C677T, the GGH –124 T>G SNP may modulate the risk of carcinogenesis and therefore warrants further attention. Translation: for the 38% of the human population that has the genetic folate polymorphism, taking a broad-spectrum folate supplement incoporating all three forms is paramount!
- Osteoporosis experst hypothesize that acid from the modern diet causes a demineralization of the skeleton, and mobilized bone calcium is excreted. A systematic approach has not been used to summarize the findings of the numerous studies. This analysis confirmed the evidence that suggests a linear association between changes in calcium excretion in response to experimental changes in net acid excretion. However, this finding is not evidence that the source of the excreted calcium is bone or that this calciuria contributes to the development of osteoporosis.
- Glucomannan, a safe, soluble form of supplemental fiber, appears to beneficially affect total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, body weight, and fasting blood glucose, but not HDL cholesterol or BP.
- Findings from epidemiologic studies of the effect of dairy foods (mainly milk) on the risk of bladder cancer have been inconsistent. Total dairy intake was not significantly associated with reduced risk of bladder cancer However, a statistically significant inverse association was observed for the intake of cultured milk (sour milk and yogurt). Translation: high intake of cultured milk may lower the risk of developing bladder cancer because of the beneficial probiotic cultures found in them.
Journal of the American College of Nutrition
- These studies suggest that zinc nutrition can markedly modulate mechanisms of the pathology of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis. A single dose of Plant Sterol with a meal lowers cholesterol levels but does not alter fat-soluble vitamin or carotenoid concentrations in hyperlipidemic participants.
Journal Nutrition
- Vitamin C is essential for collagen formation and normal bone development. We evaluated associations of total, supplemental, and dietary vitamin C intake with bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip [femoral neck, trochanter], spine, and radial shaft and 4-y BMD change in elderly participants from the Framingham Osteoporosis Study. The results suggest a possible protective role of vitamin C for bone health in older men.
- Dark chocolate contains high concentrations of flavonoids and may have antiinflammatory properties. We evaluated the association of dark chocolate intake with serum C-reactive protein (CRP). The Moli-sani Project is an ongoing cohort study of 10,994 men and women aged 35 y randomly recruited from the general population. Consumers of up to 1 serving (20 g) of dark chocolate every 3 d had serum CRP concentrations that were significantly lower than nonconsumers or higher consumers. Our findings suggest that regular consumption of small doses of dark chocolate may reduce inflammation.
American Journal Preventive Medicine
- The effects of and responses to the health impacts of climate change will affect individuals, communities, and societies. Effectively preparing for and responding to current and projected climate change requires ongoing assessment and action, not a one-time assessment of risks and interventions. To promote resilience to climate change and other community stressors, a stepwise course of action is proposed for community-based adaptation that engages stakeholders in a proactive problem solving process to enhance social capital across local and national levels. In addition to grassroots actions undertaken at the community level, reducing vulnerability to current and projected climate change will require top-down interventions implemented by public health organizations and agencies.
British Medical Journal
- Population changes in physical activity and diet are the main drivers of the obesity epidemic. A complex interplay of genetics; epigenetics; and intrauterine, infancy, childhood, and family non-genetic factors are also involved. Obesity in children and adolescents is associated with metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities and other adverse health outcomes. Modifiable risk factors for childhood obesity are maternal gestational diabetes, high levels of television viewing, low levels of physical activity, parents’ inactivity, and high consumption of dietary fat, carbohydrate, and sweetened drinks.
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